By HRCNN Staff Writer, Eric S. Cavallo
Saltwater intrusion, long regarded as a quiet threat beneath the Coastal Plain, has moved to the forefront of public concern in Hampton Roads. For decades, heavy withdrawals have lowered groundwater levels across the region, allowing salty water from the coast to slowly press inland. The result is a creeping risk of contamination in aquifers that once provided reliable fresh water. Today, officials and contractors alike are treating the issue as an urgent challenge with long-term consequences.
Although Virginia Beach households receive most of their drinking water from Lake Gaston through a regional pipeline, the health of the aquifers beneath the city still matters greatly. Those underground reserves remain essential for private wells, agriculture, and industry. State officials caution that even if tap water is secure today, the resilience of the region tomorrow depends on keeping saltwater at bay. Protecting the aquifer, they say, is central to ensuring Hampton Roads can sustain growth without sacrificing its water security.
The most ambitious response so far has come from the Hampton Roads Sanitation District. Its Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow, widely known as SWIFT, is designed to restore balance underground by taking highly treated wastewater, purifying it further to meet drinking water standards, and then returning it to the Potomac Aquifer. The process helps replenish pressure in the system, keeping saltwater from advancing and even slowing land subsidence that threatens roads, buildings, and utilities in low-lying communities.
Construction has been at the heart of the program. Firms including Garney Construction, MEB, Hazen & Sawyer, Tetra Tech, Carollo Engineers, and Crowder Construction have been responsible for everything from design to delivery. Their combined efforts represent one of the nation’s largest managed aquifer recharge programs. The scale is considerable: injection wells, advanced treatment trains, and continuous monitoring systems must all work in tandem to ensure that the project delivers safe water while stabilizing the aquifer.
At HRSD’s Nansemond Treatment Plant, Garney is leading the design-build team constructing a full-scale SWIFT facility. Hazen & Sawyer serves as overall program manager, guiding the multi-phase effort. Tetra Tech and Carollo Engineers are handling advanced treatment design, while MEB is engaged in critical construction roles. Crowder Construction, for its part, built the demonstration facility that proved the approach was viable. Each of these firms has contributed expertise that makes the program possible, and their work highlights the close partnership between public utilities and the private construction sector.
Meanwhile, state regulators continue to track conditions underground. The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, working alongside the U.S. Geological Survey, monitors aquifer levels and saltwater movement to inform future permitting and planning. These data points shape the pace and scale of projects like SWIFT and provide policymakers with the evidence needed to justify major infrastructure investments.
For now, Virginia Beach residents can turn on their taps without worry. But the experts leading this effort agree that security depends on staying ahead of the threat. The SWIFT program, which is expanding across multiple facilities in Hampton Roads, is widely regarded as the region’s best defense against the slow but steady march of saltwater into fresh groundwater. It is a defense built not only on science, but also on the skill of the contractors and engineers who are turning plans into lasting infrastructure.
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